Understanding the Problem: The Role of High Temperatures
One of the primary reasons for fruit rot is extreme heat. When temperatures exceed 30°C (86°F), plants struggle to circulate nutrients efficiently. This disruption in nutrient absorption marks the beginning of various problems, including blossom-end rot in tomatoes and peppers.
Most of us have learned that a lack of calcium is the main culprit behind this issue, but understanding how to address the deficiency is just as important. Plants require calcium from the flowering stage through fruit development, meaning it should be supplied early—right when flowers begin to appear. Ideally, the soil should already contain a sufficient amount of calcium and other essential nutrients, but achieving this balance can be difficult, especially if we grow plants in the same location year after year.
Restoring Calcium to the Soil
To maintain nutrient-rich soil, we must replenish it regularly. A simple and effective way to do this is through composting. At our garden, we maintain a compost bin where we dispose of biodegradable waste from both the kitchen and the garden. Over time, this waste decomposes and transforms into nutrient-rich compost, which we then incorporate into the soil when planting new crops.
Every gardener should consider composting, as it not only enriches the soil but also promotes eco-friendly waste disposal. However, compost has a tendency to dry out, which can slow the decomposition process. To prevent this, we recommend constructing a simple compost bin using wooden boards. This setup helps retain moisture, making composting more efficient.
The Importance of Earthworms and Microorganisms
Moisture is crucial in composting, as it supports the organisms responsible for decomposition. Earthworms, in particular, play a significant role in breaking down organic matter and improving soil fertility. Additionally, microorganisms contribute to the breakdown of waste materials, ensuring that essential nutrients are available for plant growth. A garden rich in earthworms is a sign of healthy, fertile soil.
To further enhance the compost, we regularly add water and mix in biodegradable waste. We also incorporate manure, which is packed with macro-elements essential for plant development. Additionally, we introduce organic materials rich in micro-elements like magnesium, boron, copper, and iron.
Utilizing Eggshells for Calcium Enrichment
One commonly available source of calcium is eggshells. Since eggs are frequently used in cooking, their shells should never be discarded as waste. Instead, they can be collected and added to compost.
To accelerate decomposition, eggshells can be crushed into small pieces using a blender or another tool before being mixed into the compost pile. While calcium from eggshells is not immediately available to plants, it gradually breaks down over time, enriching the soil year after year. Consistently applying eggshells to compost will yield positive results in the long run.
After thoroughly mixing the compost, we allow it to sit until autumn, when we begin planting. Regular watering and mixing are essential to maintain an active decomposition process. To prevent the compost from drying out, we cover it with a layer of straw mulch.
Addressing Nutrient Absorption Challenges
Even when soil is rich in nutrients, plants may struggle to absorb them during extreme heat. This is because the process of nutrient uptake slows down in high temperatures. In such cases, foliar feeding—applying nutrients directly to the leaves—can be an effective solution.
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