Garlic has specific nutrient requirements that must be met for optimal growth. It requires:
. 80-100 kg of nitrogen (N)
. 60-80 kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)
. 40-80 kg of potassium dioxide (K2O)
Nitrogen is the most crucial element for garlic growth, but it is also prone to leaching into the soil. Generally, a nutrient ratio of 1:2:3 is recommended, with these nutrients incorporated into the soil before planting. For additional feeding, calcium ammonium nitrate (KAN) should be applied at a rate of up to 150 kg/ha when the plant reaches the three-leaf stage.
Garlic Care: Weed Control, Irrigation, and Protection
Proper garlic care involves protecting plants from weeds and pests, providing adequate nutrition, and maintaining optimal moisture levels. Mechanical weeding can be challenging due to the plant’s dense spacing, making high-quality pre-planting soil preparation crucial. Chemical weed control may also be used when necessary.
Irrigation is beneficial for garlic growth, especially during dry periods. The recommended irrigation amount varies based on soil type, with lighter soils requiring up to 35 mm of water per session. Generally, irrigation should be applied at a rate of 20-30 mm per session. Garlic requires the most water during the early stages after planting, during vigorous leaf growth, and in the bulb formation phase. While irrigation is not mandatory, it is particularly helpful in dry years when rainfall is scarce in May and early June.
Harvesting and Storage
Garlic maturity depends on its planting season. Autumn garlic is usually harvested in July, while spring garlic is collected in August. The plant is ready for harvest when the false stem begins to bend and about two-thirds of the leaves remain green.
Garlic can be harvested manually or mechanically, preferably in dry and warm weather. Once harvested, the bulbs should be immediately dried in a shaded, well-ventilated area. Proper drying is essential for ensuring a long shelf life and maintaining the quality of the bulbs.
Garlic Yield and Health Benefits
With proper agricultural techniques, autumn garlic can yield up to 10 tons per hectare, whereas spring garlic typically produces between 2-4 t/ha. Given its high value in both cuisine and medicine, cultivating garlic is highly rewarding.
Garlic is widely regarded as one of the best natural remedies for colds and viral infections. Its medicinal properties have been known since ancient times. Regular consumption of garlic is recommended, particularly in the winter months when the body is more susceptible to infections. Eating just two to three cloves of garlic per day can significantly boost the immune system and improve overall health.
Considering its numerous benefits, garlic is undoubtedly a must-have plant in every home garden. Whether grown for personal use or commercial purposes, proper cultivation techniques ensure healthy growth and high yields, making garlic an indispensable vegetable in any agricultural endeavor.
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